Heartworm: Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
What Are Dog Heartworms?
Dog heartworms, or Dirofilaria immitis, are parasitic worms that cause serious health problems in dogs. Transmitted by mosquitoes, these worms infest the heart, lungs, and surrounding blood vessels of an infected dog. Heartworms can grow up to 30 cm in length and, if left untreated, may lead to severe lung disease, heart failure, and damage to other organs.
How Do Dogs Get Heartworms?
Dogs contract heartworms through the bite of an infected mosquito. When a mosquito bites a dog with heartworm, it picks up baby heartworms (microfilariae), which mature into larvae inside the mosquito. When the mosquito bites another dog, the larvae enter the dog’s bloodstream. Over the next few months, these larvae develop into adult heartworms, which can live in the heart and lungs for five to seven years.
Signs of Heartworm in Dogs
Early detection is crucial for effective treatment. Look out for these signs of heartworm disease:
Heartworm Symptoms in Dogs:
- Persistent Cough: A frequent, dry cough can be an early indication of heartworm disease.
- Lethargy: Affected dogs may tire easily and become less active.
- Weight Loss: Unexplained weight loss and a decreased appetite may occur.
- Difficulty Breathing: As heartworms infest the lungs, laboured breathing may develop.
- Swollen Abdomen: In severe cases, fluid buildup can cause the abdomen to swell.
- Heart Failure: Advanced heartworm disease can lead to congestive heart failure, marked by abdominal swelling and breathing difficulties.
Dog Heartworm Treatment
Heartworm treatment aims to eliminate both adult worms and microfilariae while reducing the risk of complications. Treatment must always be carried out under veterinary supervision.
Heartworm Tablets for Dogs
Heartworm tablets (oral preventatives) are used to kill larvae and young worms. These medications are typically given monthly and are effective in preventing adult heartworm development. Some tablets also protect against other parasites like roundworms and hookworms.
Heartworm Prevention for Dogs
Prevention is far easier and more cost-effective than treatment. Monthly heartworm preventatives, available in tablet, chewable, or topical forms, are highly effective at stopping heartworm infections. Regular vet check-ups and annual heartworm tests are recommended to ensure your dog stays heartworm-free. For dogs over six months old, a heartworm test should be done before starting treatment. Additionally, using mosquito repellents can reduce the chance of your dog being bitten by an infected mosquito.
Dog Heartworm Injection
An alternative prevention method is the heartworm injection, such as Moxidectin, which provides long-term protection for up to six months. This option is ideal for pet owners who prefer not to manage monthly preventatives.
Heartworm in Dogs FAQ
Dog life expectancy after heartworm treatment?
Most dogs recover well and can live a normal lifespan if treated promptly.
How do dogs get heartworm?
Dogs get heartworm from mosquito bites, just like elsewhere.
How common is heartworm in dogs?
Heartworm is more common in warmer regions where mosquitoes thrive.
How to treat heartworm in dogs?
Treatment involves medications to kill adult worms and larvae, often supplemented with supportive care to manage symptoms.